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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the history of Western civilization: Western civilization – pertains to the civilization that began in the Middle East and generally spread westwards, in contrast to ''Eastern civilization''. In its broader sense, its roots may be traced back to 9000 BCE, when humans existing in hunter-gatherer societies began to settle into agricultural societies. Farming became prominent around the headwaters of the Euphrates, Tigris and Jordan Rivers, spreading outwards into and across Europe; in this sense, the West produced the world's first cities, states, and empires. However, Western civilization in its more strictly defined European sphere traces its roots back to classical antiquity. From European and Mediterranean origins, it has spread to produce the dominant cultures of modern North America, South America, and much of Oceania, and has had immense global influence in recent centuries. == Nature of Western civilization == * Western world – The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident, is a term referring to different nations depending on the context.〔(Western Civilization ), Our Tradition; James Kurth; accessed 30 August 2011〕 * * Western culture – Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific Cultural artifacts and technologies. * * History of Western civilization – Western civilization describes the development of human civilization beginning in the Middle East, and generally spreading westwards, and it is generally contrasted with ''Eastern civilization''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Outline of the history of Western civilization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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